手腕驱动的矫形器设计用于帮助脊髓损伤的人,然而,这种控制策略所施加的运动限制可以阻碍移动性并导致身体运动异常。本研究表征了使用新型尼古斯掌握器,一种适配器矫正器的身体补偿,允许对未受害手动功能进行对象掌握的掌握。受试者执行一系列掌握和释放任务,以比较正常(测试控制)和约束的腕驱动模式,显示出由于约束而显示的显着补偿。电动机增强模式也与传统的手推车运作进行比较,以探讨混合人体机器人控制的潜在作用。我们发现被动手推车和电机增强模式都满足了在测试的各种任务中实现了不同的角色。因此,我们得出结论,一种灵活的控制方案,可以基于手头的任务改变干预的措施具有减少未来工作补偿的可能性。
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The success of deep learning is largely due to the availability of large amounts of training data that cover a wide range of examples of a particular concept or meaning. In the field of medicine, having a diverse set of training data on a particular disease can lead to the development of a model that is able to accurately predict the disease. However, despite the potential benefits, there have not been significant advances in image-based diagnosis due to a lack of high-quality annotated data. This article highlights the importance of using a data-centric approach to improve the quality of data representations, particularly in cases where the available data is limited. To address this "small-data" issue, we discuss four methods for generating and aggregating training data: data augmentation, transfer learning, federated learning, and GANs (generative adversarial networks). We also propose the use of knowledge-guided GANs to incorporate domain knowledge in the training data generation process. With the recent progress in large pre-trained language models, we believe it is possible to acquire high-quality knowledge that can be used to improve the effectiveness of knowledge-guided generative methods.
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Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.
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关于信息检索的许多最新研究集中在如何从一项任务(通常具有丰富的监督数据)转移到有限的其他各种任务,并隐含地假设可以从一个任务概括到所有其余的任务。但是,这忽略了这样一个事实,即有许多多样化和独特的检索任务,每个任务都针对不同的搜索意图,查询和搜索域。在本文中,我们建议使用几乎没有散热的检索,每个任务都有一个简短的描述和一些示例。为了扩大一些示例的功能,我们提出了针对检索器(即将到来)的及时基本查询生成,该查询将大型语言模型(LLM)作为几个弹片查询生成器,并根据生成的数据创建特定于任务的检索器。通过LLM的概括能力提供动力,即要来源使得可以仅基于一些示例{没有自然问题或MS MARCO来训练%问题生成器或双重编码器,就可以仅基于一些示例{没有}来创建特定于任务的端到端检索。出乎意料的是,LLM提示不超过8个示例,允许双重编码器在MARCO(例如Colbert V2)上训练的大量工程模型平均在11个检索套件中超过1.2 NDCG。使用相同生成数据的进一步培训标准尺寸的重新级别可获得5.0点NDCG的改进。我们的研究确定,查询产生比以前观察到的更有效,尤其是在给出少量特定于任务知识的情况下。
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缺乏对深度学习系统的洞察力阻碍了他们的系统设计。在科学和工程学中,建模是一种用于了解内部过程不透明的复杂系统的方法。建模用更简单的代理代替复杂的系统,该系统更适合解释。从中汲取灵感,我们使用高斯流程为神经网络构建了一类代理模型。我们没有从神经网络的某些限制案例中得出内核,而是从经验上从神经网络的自然主义行为中学习了高斯过程的内核。我们首先通过两项案例研究评估我们的方法,灵感来自先前对神经网络行为的理论研究,在这些案例研究中,我们捕获了学习低频的神经网络偏好,并确定了深层神经网络中的病理行为。在进一步的实践案例研究中,我们使用学识渊博的内核来预测神经网络的泛化特性。
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我们研究如何通过网络错误引起的网络腐败 - 与视频机器学习(ML)模型有关的数据。我们发现了基于基准视频ML数据集的Kinetics-400中明显的网络损坏。在一项仿真研究中,我们研究了(1)哪些人伪影造成了网络腐败的原因,(2)这种伪像如何影响ML模型,以及(3)标准鲁棒性方法是否可以减轻其负面影响。我们发现网络损坏会导致视觉和时间伪像(即涂抹颜色或框架掉落)。这些网络损坏在各种视频ML任务上降低了性能,但效果因任务和数据集而异,具体取决于任务所需的时间上下文。最后,我们评估数据扩展(用于数据损坏的标准防御) - 但发现它不会恢复性能。
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已经表明,在一个域上训练的双编码器经常概括到其他域以获取检索任务。一种广泛的信念是,一个双编码器的瓶颈层,其中最终得分仅仅是查询向量和通道向量之间的点产品,它过于局限,使得双编码器是用于域外概括的有效检索模型。在本文中,我们通过缩放双编码器模型的大小{\ em同时保持固定的瓶颈嵌入尺寸固定的瓶颈的大小来挑战这一信念。令人惊讶的是,令人惊讶的是,缩放模型尺寸会对各种缩放提高检索任务,特别是对于域外泛化。实验结果表明,我们的双编码器,\ textbf {g} enovalizable \ textbf {t} eTrievers(gtr),优先级%colbert〜\ cite {khattab2020colbertt}和现有的稀疏和密集的索取Beir DataSet〜\ Cite {Thakur2021Beir}显着显着。最令人惊讶的是,我们的消融研究发现,GTR是非常数据的高效,因为它只需要10 \%MARCO监督数据,以实现最佳域的性能。所有GTR模型都在https://tfhub.dev/google/collections/gtr/1发布。
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在本文中,我们使用最初提出的可变长度infilling(VLI)模型进行调查,该模型最初提出缺失缺失段,以“延长”在音乐界限下的现有音乐群。具体而言,作为一个案例研究,我们将20个音乐段扩展到16个条形图到16个条形,并检查VLI模型在使用少数客观指标中保留扩展结果中的音乐界限的程度,包括我们新提出的寄存器直方图相似度。结果表明,VLI模型有可能解决扩展任务。
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本文统一了设计,简化了风险厌恶汤普森采样算法的分析,为多武装爆炸问题的常规风险功能为$ \ rho $。在大偏差理论中使用收缩原理,我们证明了这些连续风险功能的新型浓度界限。与现有的作品相比,所界限取决于样本本身,我们的范围仅取决于样本的数量。这使我们能够以追求的分析挑战,并统一现有汤普森采样的算法的遗憾范围。我们展示了广泛的风险功能以及它们的“漂亮”功能满足连续性条件。使用我们新开发的分析工具包,我们分析了算法$ \ rho $ -mts(对于多项式发行版)和$ \ rho $ -npts(对于有界分布),并证明他们承认渐近最佳的风险厌恶算法的最佳遗憾平均方差,CVAR等普遍存在风险措施,以及一系列新综合的风险措施。数值模拟表明,我们的界限是相当严格的VIS-\“A-VIS算法无关的下限。
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The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.
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